Features of Armenian architecture
Every culture has its own architecture. Similar to others in some ways, but most of all unique in its originality. Armenian architecture is no exception, which has an ancient and amazing history, it is very individual and recognizable even in other countries.
Armenia is often called the "Land of Stones". Indeed, the landscape of Armenia often resembles a stone desert, scattered with monuments of medieval temple architecture, built of huge stone blocks.
Monasteries and temples, which were able to withstand the onslaught of devastating raids, conquests, wars and earthquakes, are considered traditional Armenian architecture.
In the early Middle Ages, in the 5th-6th centuries AD, as a rule, basilicas were built in the territory of the Armenian Highlands, which are rectangular buildings consisting of several rows of columns (usually three). At the same time, the central part of the structure clearly rises above the two sides.
The end of the 6th century - the beginning of the 7th century is marked by the beginning of the construction of the cross dome and central dome churches. In such structures, the front part of the church is equipped with side vaults and a dome, which is visible from the entire area around the temple.
In subsequent centuries, the architectural composition of temples and monastic buildings changed. structures became more and more complex, and more and more decorations appeared on their facades, new elements were added to the overall composition, for example. domed drum. However, the general principles of building churches in Armenia have not changed since the Middle Ages.
There are many monasteries and complete monastic complexes in Armenia, and their architectural ensemble often consisted of a large number of constituent elements: the temple itself (or even several churches), chapels, belfries, monastic cells, refectory, service rooms, bookcases, etc. The monastery could often be surrounded by a high wall, and sometimes a small temple was erected over the main gate.
Armenian architecture is also rich in non-religious buildings, for example, many buildings from the feudal era. they are fortresses, palaces and entire castles. Separately, one can distinguish caravanserais, special accommodations for travelers and traders who traveled the Great Silk Road.
There are also monuments of the pre-Christian era in Armenia, for example, the pagan temple of Garni (III - II centuries BC), which is often called the "Temple of the Sun".